Knee pathologies
Discover knee pathologies
that we treat in our center

Definition and anatomy of the knee joint
The knee joint is one of the most complex and important joints in the human body. It primarily allows flexion and extension of the leg, and plays a crucial role in mobility and stability.

Anatomy of the Knee Joint
Constituent bones






Femur
The thigh bone, which forms the upper part of the joint.
Tibia
The main bone of the leg, which forms the lower part of the joint.
Patella (Kneecap)
A small bone located at the front of the knee joint, embedded in the quadriceps tendon, which protects the joint and improves the efficiency of the quadriceps muscle.
Hyaline cartilage
A smooth, resilient tissue that covers the ends of the femur and tibia and the back of the kneecap. It allows the bones to slide easily against each other and absorbs shock.
Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus
Two crescent-shaped structures located between the femur and the tibia. They act as shock absorbers, distributing loads and stabilizing the joint.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
A smooth, resilient tissue that covers the ends of the femur and tibia and the back of the kneecap. It allows the bones to slide easily against each other and absorbs shock.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Also located centrally, it prevents the tibia from sliding too far back relative to the femur.
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Located on the inside of the knee, it prevents the knee from bending inward.
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
Located on the outside of the knee, it prevents the knee from bending outwards.
Anterolateral Ligament (ALL)
Located on the lateral aspect of the knee, it extends from the lateral part of the femur to the anterolateral part of the tibia. It plays an important role in stabilizing internal rotation of the tibia and preventing rotatory instability.
Quadriceps tendon
Connects the quadriceps muscle to the kneecap.
Patellar tendon
Connects the kneecap to the tibia.
Muscles
The main muscles involved in knee movement and stability include the quadriceps at the front of the thigh, the hamstrings at the back, and the calf muscles.
Joint capsule
A fibrous covering that surrounds the joint, providing additional protection and stability.
Synovial membrane
Lines the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction.
Functions of the knee joint
Movement
The knee joint mainly allows two types of movement
Flexion
Bend the leg backwards
Extension
Straighten the leg forward
Stability
The ligaments and surrounding muscles provide stability to the joint, allowing it to support body weight and perform complex movements such as walking, running, jumping, and changing direction.
Shock Absorption
Articular cartilage and menisci play a crucial role in shock absorption and load distribution during daily and sporting activities.
Common pathologies
The knee joint is subject to various pathologies, such as:
Osteoarthritis
Degradation of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.
Tendinitis
Degradation of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.
Ligament Injuries
Degradation of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.
Meniscal Injuries
Degradation of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.
Bursitis
Degradation of joint cartilage, leading to pain and stiffness.
Pathologies treated in our center
The knee joint is subject to various pathologies and injuries, such as:
Knee osteoarthritis
Learn more
ACL rupture
Learn more
LAL rupture
Learn more
Meniscal Injuries
Learn more
Patellar dysfunction
Learn more
Cartilage damage
Learn more
Loosening of a prosthesis
Learn more